OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN SUMBERDAYA LAHAN DI WILAYAH IRIGASI AIR TANAH KECAMATAN PRINGGABAYA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
The Optimalization of Land Use in The Ground-water Irrigation of Pringgabaya, East Lombok Regency
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis biaya dan pendapatan pada berbagai pola tanam, menentukan pola tanam yang menguntungkan, dan menganalisis penggunaan sumberdaya lahan yang optimal di Wilayah Irigasi Air Tanah Kecamatan Pringgabaya, Kabupaten Lombok Timur.
Studi ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Pringgabaya, Kabupaten Lombok Timur (1999/2000). Sebanyak 17 unit pompa irigasi air tanah sampel diperoleh secara proportional random sampling atas dasar tahun awal operasi sumur pompa. Kemudian, dari setiap sumur pompa ditentukan sebanyak 5 responden petani, sehingga secara keseluruhan terdapat 85 responden petani. Untuk menganalisis data yang diperoleh digunakan Linear Programming.
Hasil studi diperoleh: (1) terdapat 6 pola tanam dominan yang diusahakan petani, yaitu: jagung–jagung–jagung, kacang tanah–bawang merah–jagung, jagung–kacang tanah–kacang hijau, lombok–tembakau, bawang merah–kacang tanah–kacang hijau, dan jagung–terong, (2) dari 6 pola tanam dominan, pola tanam lombok–tembakau memberikan pendapatan paling tinggi dalam setahun, (3) pola tanam yang optimal adalah jagung–tembakau–kacang tanah, bawang merah–jagung–tembakau, jagung–lombok, tomat–tembakau, and lombok–tembakau, (4) penambahan Urea, TSP, tenaga kerja dalam keluarga, dan air irigasi dapat memberikan pendapatan yang lebih tinggi pada pola tanam optimal.
Untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumberdaya lahan, pola tanam yang disarankan diterapkan di wilayah irigasi air tanah Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur adalah: tembakau–kacang tanah, bawang merah–jagung–tembakau, jagung–lombok, tomat–tembakau, and lombok–tembakau. Lahan usahatani yang direkomendasikan untuk setiap pola tanam tersebut secara berurutan masing-masing adalah: 341.8507ha, 164.2514ha, 310.0701ha, 127.418ha, and 282.8146ha. Penambahan pupuk Urea dan TSP diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan para petani, dan tenaga kerja dalam keluarga perlu dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan irigasi lebih luas, kontinuitas pengembangan pompa irigasi air tanah sangat diperlukan. Program-program pendidikan non formal seperti penyuluhan pertanian, pelatihan, dan demonstrasi plot perlu digalakkan terutama di wilayah irigasi air tanah Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur.
ABSTRACT
The objectives of the study are to analyze the cost and income in various cropping patterns, to determine the profitable cropping patterns, and the optimal land resource use in groundwater irrigation areas of Pringgabaya, East Lombok Regency.
The study was conducted in the sub-district of Pringgabaya, East Lombok Regency (1999/2000). Proportional random sampling was used to obtain 17 unit samples of groundwater irrigation pumps based on the term when they started operation. Then, random sampling was applied to gain 5 respondent farmers from each pumps, so that there were 85 respondent farmers overall. Linear Programming was applied to analyze the collected data.
The results of the study are as follows (1) There were 6 dominant cropping patterns that cultivated by farmers, namely: corn-corn-corn, peanuts-shallots-corn, corn-peanuts-small green pea, chilies-tobacco, shallots-peanuts-small green pea, and corn-an edible nightshade, (2) from 6 dominant cropping patterns, chilies-tobacco gave the highest total annual income, (3) the optimal cropping patterns were corn–tobacco–peanuts, shallots–corn–tobacco, corn–chilies, tomato–tobacco, and chilies–tobacco, respectively, (4) the addition of Urea, TSP, family labor, and irrigation water may give the higher possible income of the optimal cropping patterns.
In order to optimize the land resource use, the following cropping patterns suggested to be cultivated in the groundwater irrigation areas of Pringgabaya, East Lombok Regency: corn–tobacco–peanuts, shallots–corn–tobacco, corn–chilies, tomato–tobacco, and chilies–tobacco. Farmland area that recommended to each cropping patterns were distributed: 341.8507 hectare, 164.2514 hectare, 310.0701 hectare, 127.418 hectare, and 282.8146 hectare, respectively. The addition of Urea and TSP can increase farmers income, and the use of family labor needs to be maximized. To fulfil the requisite irrigation widely, the continuing development of groundwater irrigation pumps is essentially needed. Education programs (non-formal education) such as agricultural extension, training, and demonstration plots should be established, particularly in the groundwater irrigation areas, East Lombok Regency.
